Editor's Corner

We often recommend that our writers choose a less violent way to express what is happening when we run a program or process. For example:

And this brings me to an article from Daily Writing Tips, by Maeve Maddox, called “Homicide, Murder, and Manslaughter.” I dedicate this to my fellow Law and Order fans.

If you don’t read the article, at least read the disclaimer at the end, and remember not to get legal advice from English majors. J

… I used to think homicide was the same as murder. I now know that the words are not synonymous.

Homicide is the killing of a human being by another human being. The word derives from the Latin compound homicida, which combines homo (man) with the verb caedere (to kill).

Depending upon circumstances, a homicide may or may not be considered murder.

The variety of state and national laws makes it difficult to attach specific definitions to words that represent the different kinds of homicide. What follows is a general treatment of these terms.

Murder: the deliberate and unlawful killing of a human being.

In British law, no degrees of guilt are recognized in murder. US law distinguishes between “first degree” and “second degree” murder. What constitutes these degrees, however, differs from state to state.

Note: Murder is a word of Germanic origin. In antiquity, when raiding and blood feuds were common, the word murder denoted a killing done in secret, as opposed to homicides done in the open with no attempt at concealment.

First Degree Murder: a murder that, because of the circumstances surrounding it, deserves either capital or severe punishment.

Any premeditated killing that involves planning is first degree murder.

Second Degree Murder: a malicious killing that was not premeditated.

This kind of murder is not planned, but results from an angry confrontation or from depraved indifference to human life. One example is that of the neighbor who goes next door merely to complain about a barking dog but finishes by killing the dog’s owner. Another example would be that of a manufacturer who discovers that a product can cause death, but fails to recall it.

Felony Murder Doctrine: Any death that occurs during or results from the commission of a felony is first degree murder, and all participants in the felony can be charged with and found guilty of first degree murder, even if only one of them actually did the killing.

Manslaughter: Etymologically, manslaughter is the English version of homicide. It derives from an Old English compound that combines man with the OE verb slaeht (act of killing). The Modern English verb slay is related.

Unlike homicide, which refers in general to the act of one person killing another, manslaughter refers to unpremeditated killing.

Voluntary Manslaughter: the act of killing in the heat of passion. The usual example of this is the man or woman who finds a spouse in bed with another partner.

Note: The difference between voluntary manslaughter and second degree murder hinges upon provocation. With first degree murder, the killer came with the intention to kill. With second degree murder, the killer decided on the spot. Either way, the killing is seen as malicious. The legal encyclopedia at Nolo explains that the charge of voluntary manslaughter is “a concession to human weakness.” The killing may have been intentional, but the provocation was such that could produce a similar emotional reaction in “any reasonable person.”

Involuntary Manslaughter: the act of killing someone unintentionally while engaged in a non-felony. For example, killing someone while driving recklessly is involuntary manslaughter. A burglar who, in surprise at being interrupted, fatally pushes someone down the stairs would probably be charged with involuntary manslaughter—as long as he hasn’t brought a gun to the burglary.

I repeat: These descriptions are very general. Anyone in need of precise definitions must consult a lawyer and local statutes.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.

We’ve talked about parallel structure in lists and phrases before, but today I’m going to discuss a particular phrase that seems to cause trouble for a lot of people. The problem children are phrases containing “not only…but also.” This is a formal rule as far as grammar goes, so it might sound a bit odd when used properly.

When you are using “not only…but also,” remember that your sentence has to be balanced. Each adjective, noun, verb, clause, etc. after “not only” must have a parallel adjective, noun, verb, etc. on the other side of “but also.” Here’s what I’m talking about:

Adjective:

· Your mom is not only funny, but also kind.

· He’s not only tall, but also handsome.

Noun:

· He not only likes hot dogs but also hamburgers.

· The Seattle Center not only has the Space Needle but also the EMP Museum.

Verb phrase:

· Not only is Caesar training dogs this summer, but he’s also training cats this autumn.

· Not only is Dandy riding his bike through Paris, but also he’s playing his flute in Rome.

Now you are not only smart, but also knowledgeable. If you have more questions, have a look at some of the examples from the expert here at Grammarly.com and the Cambridge Dictionary Online.

For a couple of articles on parallelism, see:

· https://episystechpubs.com/2014/07/24/nifty-nuggets-parallelism/

· https://episystechpubs.com/2012/07/24/editors-corner-parallel-construction/

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.

Hi folks,

No matter how many times I mention this peeve and beat this poor dead horse, I continue to see these words misused in documentation, marketing materials, conference materials, and staff presentations. First, impactful? It’s not a real word. Don’t use it. Please. Pretty please? Look at what you do to me. Each time I see it I die a little inside and I can only write in sentence fragments.

Second, rather than rant on about impact, I’m leaving it to someone else. I think I may be in love with this woman! From Sherry’s Grammar List:

Impact Does Not Mean to Affect

A sports reporter talking about how Randy Moss’ latest legal trouble will affect the Patriots said that people are asking, How is this going to impact the team? Then, he said, Yes, it will impact the team.

This grammar error is becoming more popular than pointed ears at a Star Trek convention. I know that this is going to come as a surprise to many people, especially those in the media (since they’re the ones who seem to love to use it the most), but impact is not a verb that is synonymous with the verbs affect or influence.

Although impact can be used as a verb, it means to strike forcefully or to fix firmly as if by packing or wedging. [KC: Note the use of “impacted” in the fields of dentistry and proctology. See? You just don’t want to go there!] So, the meteor impacted Earth means that the meteor struck Earth forcefully. It does not mean that the meteor influenced or affected Earth.

I’m not sure why people have started to use this so much, but it seems that the people who use it think that it sounds more important and more dramatic than, for example, in this case, How is this going to affect the team. In reality, all it sounds is ridiculous. If you mean affect or influence, then how about using the words affect or influence?

Power in speech comes from choosing the appropriate words, which already exist in our vocabulary, not from changing the meanings of words.

Sherry

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.

Happy Friday! I hope you all have a fabulous three-day weekend. To start you off right, here are some misheard song lyrics (a.k.a. mondegreens) from Hold Me Closer, Tony Danza, by Charles Grosvenor Jr.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.

Today’s question was asked (and answered) by one of our credit union readers at Ent FCU. Thanks for joining in on the word fun and search for knowledge!

Dear Editrix,

Is there a word used for knowledge gained through experience (vs. book knowledge)? One of our employees recalls learning this word in the past, but can’t think of it.

From R.T. at Ent

Immediately following this email was another from R.T., which said:

“Tacit knowledge!”

Indeed, she and her co-worker were right. I looked up tacit, and then wondered if it was related to tactile. I was thinking of “knowledge through experience” and “hands-on learning,” which is why I thought tactile could be related. I was wrong—the two words aren’t related. Here is the definition of tacit from Merriam-Webster, and the etymologies of both words from the Online Etymology Dictionary:

Definition of tacit:

1: expressed or carried on without words or speech <the blush was a tacit answer—Bram Stoker>

2: implied or indicated (as by an act or by silence) but not actually expressed <tacit consent> <tacit admission of guilt>

Etymology of tacit:

c. 1600, "silent, unspoken," from French tacite and directly from Latin tacitus "that is passed over in silence, done without words, assumed as a matter of course, silent," past participle of tacere "be silent, not speak."

Etymology of tactile:

1610s, "perceptible to touch," from French tactile (16c.) and directly from Latin tactilis "tangible, that may be touched," from tactus, past participle of tangere "to touch" (see tangent [adj.]). Meaning "of or pertaining to the sense of touch" is attested from 1650s.

This will date me, but this talk about tactile has a jingle stuck in my head from an old Bell Telephone commercial. Remember, back in the day when they advertised home phones and you could finally go to a Phone Center Store and buy a phone in some crazy color like red or yellow? Yes, the ‘70s were exciting times. Reach out, reach out and touch someone.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.

How about a Wednesday pick-me-up? Today I bring you a list of Puns for Educated Minds. Uncertain about what a pun is? A pun is a play on words, or according to Merriam-Webster, it is “a humorous way of using a word or phrase so that more than one meaning is suggested.” Thanks to Debbie S. for sending this in!

Note: I’ve edited this list to remove extra spaces and misplaced hyphens. Additionally, I removed puns that some might find objectionable.

· I thought I saw an eye doctor on an Alaskan island, but it turned out to be an optical Aleutian.

· She was only a whisky-maker, but he loved her still.

· A rubber-band pistol was confiscated from an algebra class, because it was a weapon of math disruption.

· A dog gave birth to puppies near the road and was cited for littering.

· Two silk worms had a race. They ended up in a tie.

· A hole has been found in the nudist-camp wall. The police are looking into it.

· Two hats were hanging on a hat rack in the hallway. One hat said to the other, “You stay here; I’ll go on a head.”

· I wondered why the baseball kept getting bigger. Then it hit me.

· A backward poet writes inverse.

· In a democracy, it’s your vote that counts. In feudalism, it’s your count that votes.

· A vulture carrying two dead raccoons boards an airplane. The flight attendant looks at him and says, “I’m sorry, only one carrion allowed per passenger.”

· Two hydrogen atoms meet. One says, “I’ve lost my electron.” The other says, “Are you sure?” The first replies, “Yes, I’m positive.”

· Did you hear about the Buddhist who refused Novocain during a root canal? His goal: transcend dental medication.

· There was the person who sent ten puns to friends, with the hope that at least one of the puns would make them laugh. No pun in ten did.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.

As we approach Memorial Day and the ensuing picnic, graduation, and wedding season, several of you have asked me to do an article on the term RSVP. Those of you who have been around my brother and me can vouch that I am no Miss Manners or Emily Post. Still, I’ll tackle this since it is slightly related to language and writing.

RSVP stands for the French phrase “Répondez s’il vous plaît.” This can be directly translated as “Respond, if you please” or “Dude, please let me know if you’re coming to my party so I can buy enough beer.”

Now that you know what it is supposed to mean, let’s look a little deeper into the social understanding of an RSVP. According to Emily Post, author of the book Etiquette, you should reply promptly to an invitation with an RSVP. This means within a few days—and here’s the clincher—you respond whether or not you are attending. If you can’t make it to see your cousin Beavis graduate from college, send a note to him saying you “Decline with regrets,” or something to that effect. If you won’t be attending your mother’s croquet party, write her, email her, or give her a call. And, if you will be attending your older brother’s wedding, don’t assume his bride-to-be will put you on the list automatically. If you aren’t polite enough to respond to big brother and his fiancée while they try to organize a party for 600 of their closest friends, you deserve to be left outside eating leftovers with the wedding singer. Besides, most couples address and stamp the RSVP envelope. All you have to do is fill it out and put it in the mail.

Next time you are lucky enough to be invited to someone’s event, be kind and respond, s’il vous plaît. It’s the polite thing to do.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.

I am going through different questions and requests from readers and here is one I promised to discuss a while ago. I hope it sheds some light on when to use awhile versus a while. The dictionary definitions (in black) are from our buddies at Merriam-Webster.

while (noun): a period of time especially when short and marked by the occurrence of an action or a condition

Helpful hint: When there is a preposition, use a while (for a while; in a while).

Examples:

· I sat in the garden for a while. (I sat in the garden for a short time.)

· Don drove his Cadillac for a while and then opted for a more fuel-efficient car. (Don drove his Cadillac for a short time.)

· She left a while ago, before we served dessert. (She left a short time ago.)

awhile (adverb): for a short time

Helpful hint: Awhile is used when there is not a preposition. It is an adverb which modifies a verb.

Examples:

· We can wait awhile for Susan. (Awhile modifies the verb wait.)

· After running the marathon, I’ll need to rest awhile. (Awhile modifies the verb rest.)

Extra Helpful Hint: If you aren’t sure whether to use awhile or a while, try substituting another adverb in the sentence (something like quickly, hurriedly, slowly, angrily, etc.). If the adverb works, you should use awhile. If it doesn’t sound right, use a while.

· She said she would meet for quickly. (Yuck, this definitely doesn’t work. Use a while here.)

She said she would meet for a while.

· She said she would meet quickly. (Okay. Not sure why she’s in such a rush, but it is grammatically sound. In this case you would use awhile.)

She said she would meet awhile.

For a previous article on this topic, see this issue of the Editor’s Corner.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.

Over the past few years, a passel of people have sent me different collections of words and phrases with the “real” explanations of where they came from. I say “real” because I usually find some of the explanations so outrageous that I have to check the Snopes website to see whether these lists are vetted. Usually I find that someone has been mischievously passing around half-truths.

Today’s excerpts, from Tyrannosaurus Lex: The Marvelous Book of Palindromes, Anagrams, & Other Delightful & Outrageous Wordplay, by Rod L. Evans, Ph.D. are along those lines, but I am really hoping that he had a fact checker for this and his other book, Sorry, Wrong Answer.

Now, a few interesting tidbits from chapter 39, “Welsh Rabbit Is a Cheese Dish: Misnomers, Misleading Expressions, and Illogicalities”:

· Blackboards can be blue or green.

· Black boxes on large airplanes are orange.

· Peanuts aren’t peas or nuts; they’re legumes.

· English muffins weren’t invented in England but in America.

· French poodles originated in Germany.

· French fries weren’t invented in France but in Belgium.

· Danish pastries aren’t from Denmark, but Austria.

· The second hand on a watch is the third hand.

· Mobile homes got the name from the name of the place where they were first mass produced: Mobile, Alabama.

· The Norway rat originated in North China.

· Chinese checkers can be traced to a nineteenth-century English game called Halma.

· Great Danes originated in Germany.

· A jackrabbit is a hare.

· A Belgian hare is a rabbit.

· The monkey wrench was named after Charles Moncky.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.

One of you astute Editor’s Corner readers noticed some inconsistences within different articles containing state abbreviations and comma use. At JHA, we use the Chicago Manual of Style, so here is a brief excerpt on the topic and some additional information I’ve collected for inquiring minds.

From the CMOS: “When following the name of a city, the names of states, provinces, and territories are enclosed in commas, whether they are spelled out (as in running text) or abbreviated (as in tabular matter or lists). In an exception to the rule, no comma appears between the postal code [KC – The two-letter abbreviation.] and a zip code.”

Examples of using cities, states, and commas in running text:

· Chicago Manual of Style

Her voyage will take her from Charlotte, North Carolina, to San Diego, California.

· AP Stylebook

Her voyage will take her from Charlotte, N.C., to San Diego, Calif.

· Postal Address

Please send the free ice cream maker to Vernon Clamato at 8985 Balboa Ave., San Diego, CA 92123.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
exclusively for the individual or entity to which it is addressed. The message,
together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.