Editor's Corner

On my way to work this morning, the radio DJs were discussing National Hot Fudge Sundae Day and having a debate over the best ice cream topping. I noticed that one DJ pronounced the word caramel as CAR-MULL and another DJ pronounced it as CARE-UH-MELL.

I found caramel on this pronunciation map, which shows that the pronunciation of the word varies by state.

Here’s the etymology for caramel:

caramel (n.)

1725, from French caramel “burnt sugar” (17c.), via Old Spanish caramel (modern caramello), ultimately from Medieval Latin cannamellis, traditionally from Latin canna (see cane (n.)) + mellis, genitive of mel “honey” (see Melissa). But some give the Medieval Latin word an Arabic origin, or trace it to Latin calamus “reed, cane.”

On a side note, the word Carmel, is a geographical name and is pronounced as kär-ˈmelˈor kär-məl.

Jackie Solano | Technical Editor | Symitar®

8985 Balboa Ave. | San Diego, CA 92123 | Ph. 619.542.6711 | Extension: 766711

Symitar Documentation Services

Today I’m going to talk to you a little about questions: specifically, indirect questions.

Most of us can identify a direct question—something we might ask a family member, a coworker, a friend, a Roman, or a countryman. For example:

· Who is coming to Joaquin’s party?

· What is the theme of this year’s autumn parade?

· Where is Julius holding today’s meeting?

· When will you be coming over to go swimming?

· Why are you being so insistent?

· How do you expect to climb this mountain wearing 5-inch heels?

Indirect questions might be described as more formal or polite, and they are missing something very distinctive: question marks. Indirect questions do not have question marks because they are not really questions; they are statements. For example:

· I wonder if Don is coming to work today.

· I asked my brother if he wanted to go paddle boarding.

· I wonder if Gobi knows he’s a dog.

· The coach asked each child what their preferred position was.

So, next time you find yourself writing something that seems a bit like a question but you aren’t sure about the punctuation, consider whether it is a direct or indirect question. Direct = question mark; indirect = period.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

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Good morning! Today’s Q&A couplet is from the Chicago Manual of Style. I chose the first item because I had no idea about the niceties in funeral planning. I chose the second item because, well, it mentions hyphens and worms!

Q. Are pallbearer names and honorary pallbearer names supposed to be alphabetized by last name in a funeral service program?

A. There is no rule, but if the names are alphabetized, readers may assume that the people are equally important. If the names are out of order, readers may assume they are listed in order of honor or importance.

Q. Dear Chicago experts, can you please help resolve this hyphenation issue? Should it be “worm composting expert” or “worm-composting expert”? Should it be “worm composting master” or “worm-composting master”? Thank you very much.

A. Use a hyphen; it makes it clear that the expert or master is not a worm.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

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Today I’m sharing a list of words I found on Your Dictionary. I think you’ll recognize all the words, and you may know many or most of the definitions. You’re all such smart cookies.

First, a caveat—these are not words we typically use in our documentation or in our communication with clients because our goal is to be clear and concise, not to use the “wickedest” words we know. However, you can use these words to impress your friends and family. I plan to use them to annoy my husband and sons—they may all be bigger than I am, but who knows more words? Bam!

In case you want to test yourself, I’ve listed the words alone first. See how many you can define on your own.

· elucidate

· malaise

· non sequitur

· obfuscate

· perfunctory

· quid pro quo

· scintillating

· quintessential

· vitriol

· sycophant

Now scroll down to see the definitions and sentence examples provided by Your Dictionary.

· elucidate: to explain or make something clear (part of speech: verb)

Sentence example: Could you elucidate on that concept so that I know what you are talking about?

· malaise: physical discomfort of a general feeling or being under the weather (part of speech: noun)

Sentence example: She suffered from a malaise that kept her from enjoying the party.

· non sequitur: a statement or something that has nothing to do with a previous statement or its surroundings (part of speech: noun)

Sentence example: The comment was a real non sequitur after what had already been said.

· obfuscate: to confuse someone, or to obscure the meaning of something (part of speech: verb)

Sentence example: The teenagers used a lot of texting code to obfuscate their messages from their parents.

· perfunctory: something done without much care or attention (part of speech: adjective)

Sentence example: The customer made a perfunctory review of the sales agreement before he signed.

· quid pro quo: giving something in exchange for getting something; origin: Latin meaning "this for that" (part of speech: noun)

Sentence example: He gave her food from his garden as a quid pro quo for her cutting his hair.

· scintillating: something fascinating or brilliantly clever (part of speech: adjective)

Sentence example: She created a scintillating presentation for the meeting

· quintessential: a typical example of a particular person or characteristic. (part of speech: adjective)

Sentence example: It was the quintessential chocolate chip cookie with a chewy texture and giant chips of chocolate.

· vitriol: bitter feelings expressed in writing or speaking (part of speech: noun)

Sentence example: Their reactions to his comments were pure vitriol.

·
sycophant: a person who tries to gain attention by flattering wealthy or influential people. (part of speech: noun)

Sentence example: She became a real sycophant when she tried to convince her boss to give her a good referral.

Donna Bradley Burcher | Senior Technical Editor | Symitar®

8985 Balboa Ave. | San Diego, CA 92123 | Ph. 619.278.0432 | Extension: 765432

Symitar Technical Publications Writing and Editing Requests

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Dear Editrix,

We were discussing the words underscore and underbar. Are they the same thing? Is one British English and one American English?

Sincerely,

Wondering About Underbars

Dear Underbar,

The underbar is wunderbar! Actually, I don’t really have an opinion on underscores or underbars, but I have a very strong opinion on underlines. Let’s have a look at Wikipedia’s definitions:

The symbol underscore [_] (also called underline, underbar, low line, or low dash) is a character that originally appeared on the typewriter and was primarily used to underline words. To produce an underlined word, the word was typed, the typewriter carriage was moved back to the beginning of the word, and the word was overtyped with the underscore character. [KC – I know this “technology” is unknown to some of you kids. A typewriter looks something like the following photo.]

The underscore … is sometimes used to create visual spacing within a sequence of characters, where a whitespace character is not permitted (e.g., in computer filenames, email addresses, and in internet URLs).

Some computer applications will automatically underline text surrounded by underscores: _underlined_ will render underlined. It is often used in plain text-only media (IRC, instant messaging, classical email) for this purpose. When the underscore is used for emphasis in this fashion, it is usually interpreted as indicating that the enclosed text is underlined (as opposed to being italicized or bold, which is indicated by /slashes/ or *asterisks*, respectively).

As far as British and American English, I couldn’t find anything that marked one word as more common than another, though Merriam-Webster did not like underbar, low dash, or low line.

When it comes to using the underscore for file names, email addresses, and URLs, go for it. When it comes to writing and trying to emphasize something? Do NOT use underlines. Use italics or bold according to the JHA Style Guide or whichever style guide you use. If you are tempted to underline something, remember that went away with the typewriter. Using underlines in this computer age is considered passé. You want to be wunderbar and au courant. Trust me!

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

Symitar Documentation Services

This week I’m working from afar, visiting my dad who’s had some nasty health findings over the past two months. As we drove home from his ninth or tenth MRI, I asked him if they gave him a punch card where the eleventh one was free. He started telling me different jokes about his brain cancer surgery and I thought I’d look into some idioms about the mind. (Yes, we find fun where we can, even while wheeling each other through hospital hallways.)

Here are a few idioms he mentioned, plus some extras. For more, see The Free Dictionary.

· be of one mind: To be in agreement about something.

· be of two minds: To experience indecision and/or conflicting emotions.

· blow one’s mind: To surprise, shock, or amaze.

· frame of mind: A person’s outlook or mood.

· have a mind like a steel trap: To be able to think very quickly, clearly, and intelligently.

· have half a mind: If you have half a mind to tell someone something unpleasant, you are very seriously thinking about telling them. For example, I’ve half a mind to tell her to rewrite the whole report it’s so bad.

· in my mind’s eye: In one’s mind or imagination. (Alludes to visualizing something in one’s mind.)

· mind over matter:[An
instance where
there are] intellectual powers overriding threats, difficulties, or problems. Or, thought is stronger than physical things.

· presence of mind: The ability to act sensibly, promptly, and appropriately, especially in a difficult situation or emergency.

· slip one’s mind: Be overlooked or forgotten.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

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Panes are probably the simplest user interface element, but their simplicity is deceptive—writing about panes is tricky. Here are some tips for describing panes, and some pitfalls to avoid.

What Is a Pane?

The Microsoft Manual of Style defines panes as “the separate areas of a split or single window.” The IBM Style Guide defines pane as “a framed section of a window or web page.”

For example, in the mail area of Microsoft® Outlook®, you might see three panes:

1. The navigation pane on the left

2. The message pane in the middle

3. The preview pane on the right

In File Explorer (formerly known as Windows® Explorer), you might see two panes:

1. The navigation pane on the left

2. The files pane on the right

How to Describe Panes

If a pane has a title that appears in the user interface, refer to it using the title (capitalized and in italics), followed by the word pane.

Example: Tracked changes appear in the Revisions pane.

Tip: Writers sometimes use the words pane and panel interchangeably, but the Microsoft Manual of Style and The IBM Style Guide both use the word pane.

If a pane does not have a title, refer to it by a descriptive name (lowercase and not italicized), followed by the word pane. Choose a name based on the pane’s contents, not its location within the window.

Example: In the preview pane, click Reply.

It can be helpful to describe a pane’s location in addition to giving it a descriptive name, but watch out! Many programs allow users to choose where panes appear. For example, in Outlook, the preview pane might appear at the bottom of the window instead of on the right side.

Tip: As always, consider the technical sophistication of your audience. For experienced Outlook users, it’s sufficient to refer to “the preview pane.” For novice users, you might say, “the preview pane, which appears on the right side of the window or at the bottom of the window.”

Ben Ritter | Technical Editor | Symitar®
8985 Balboa Avenue | San Diego, CA 92123
619-682-3391 | or ext. 763391 | www.Symitar.com

Symitar Documentation Services

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Dear Editrix,

Here’s a stray linguistic thought: Why do we “take” a shower or “take” a bath? We could “go into,” or “have,” or “get,” or “use,” etc. Why “take”?

San Diego Stray

Dear Stray,

My first thought is that we take a shower (or a bath) so that we smell good and don’t scare away our friends. But of course, I jest. This is a huge topic. One article I read said that take is the tenth most common verb in English. I did a search for idioms involving the word take, because I thought I might get some clues about the different ways the word is used. I found almost 400 idioms! I did not have the heart or the time to look at them all, but I did include a few of them further below.

Before I get to those, though, here is the definition of take from Merriam-Webster:

take (verb)
to get into one’s hands or into one’s possession, power, or control by force or stratagem: to seize or capture physically

And a few details and select idioms from the Online Etymology Dictionary:

Late Old English tacan "to take, seize," from a Scandinavian source (such as Old Norse taka "take, grasp, lay hold," past tense tok, past participle tekinn; Swedish ta, past participle tagit), from Proto-Germanic *takan- (source also of Middle Low German tacken, Middle Dutch taken, Gothic tekan "to touch"), from Germanic root *tak- "to take," of uncertain origin, perhaps originally meaning "to touch.”

OED calls take "one of the elemental words of the language;" take up alone has 55 varieties of meaning in that dictionary’s 2nd print edition. Basic sense is "to lay hold of," which evolved to "accept, receive" (as in take my advice) c. 1200; "absorb" (take a punch) c. 1200; "choose, select" (take the high road) late 13c.; "to make, obtain" (take a shower) late 14c.; "to become affected by" (take sick) c. 1300.

Take five is 1929, from the approximate time it takes to smoke a cigarette. Take it easy first recorded 1880; take the plunge "act decisively" is from 1876; take the rap "accept (undeserved) punishment" is from 1930. Phrase take it or leave it is recorded from 1897. To take it out on (someone or something) "vent one’s anger on other than what caused it" is by 1840

Now here are a few idioms I selected. If you want to take a look at more, you can visit The Free Dictionary’s idiom page for take here.

1. take a backseat (to become less important than something or someone else)
2. take a dirt nap (die and be buried)
3. take a dive (boxing – pretend to be knocked out: soccer – “to fall to the ground and make a very ostentatious display that one is in pain and anguish after making contact with an opposing player”: stock market – suddenly become lower in value)
4. take a fancy to (to like someone; develop a fondness for)
5. take after (resemble a close, older relative)
6. take care of (be responsible for: to deal with something: to tip someone: to kill someone)
7. take down a notch (humble someone)
8. take it easy (good-bye, be careful: treat someone carefully: calm down)
9. take off (leave)
10. take one’s hat off to (express admiration)

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

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I recently read an article about “formal fused words.” These words are combined to create a fixed expression, and the process of forming them is called “univerbation.”

Some examples of formalfused words are hereinafter and whensoever. They are not words we use very often, but we are vaguely familiar with many of them. We do, however, often use many fused words that are not so formal—words like although and whenever,for example.

The article I read breaks fused words down into three categories and provides descriptions. I found it interesting, so I’ve copied that part of the article for you. To read the entire article, click here.

Adverbs

Many compound adverbs, such as those beginning with any (anyone, anything, and so on), are entirely acceptable, as is the slightly more formal however, as well as thereafter, therefore, nevertheless, and nonetheless, but the following words may be seen as pedantic:

· hereinafter: following this part of this document or writing

· hereinbefore: preceding this part of this document or writing

· heretofore: up to this time

· hitherto: up to this time

· howsoever: in whatever manner, to whatever degree or extent

· insomuch: to such a degree

· therein: in that place, thing, or time, or in that particular or respect

· thereinafter: following the part of that document or writing

· thereinbefore: preceding the part of that document or writing

· theretofore: up to that time

Conjunctions

Some compound conjunctions (such as although) are familiar, but the following might be seen as distractingly formal:

· albeit: even though

· forasmuch as: in view of the fact that

· howbeit: even though

· inasmuch as: in view of the fact that, or in the degree that

· insofar: to such degree or extent

· whensoever: at any or every time

· wheresoever: anywhere at all

Prounouns

Whatever, whenever, and so on, are everyday words, and whatnot is common though it may be perceived as substandard dialect, but the following are stiff:

· whatsoever: anything or everything, or no matter what, or anything that might also be mentioned (also an adjective)

· whosoever: whatever person, or no matter who

Donna Bradley Burcher | Senior Technical Editor | Symitar®

8985 Balboa Ave. | San Diego, CA 92123 | Ph. 619.278.0432 | Extension: 765432

Symitar Technical Publications Writing and Editing Requests

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Yesterday I started a discussion of different terms we use to say goodbye. There were so many things to talk about, I had to split it into two days! For fun on day two, here are some slang goodbyes from Phrase Mix:

• Catch you later.
  This is a variation on "See you later" that you might use if you want to seem super-casual. You might imagine a surfer using this phrase.
• Peace!/Peace out.
  "Peace!" as a way to say goodbye comes from hip-hop music and culture. It sounds very casual. "Peace out" is the same but it was popular in the early 1990s. Today it sounds very dated.
• I’m out!
  "I’m out!" is also connected with hip-hop. It’s something that you can say when you’re glad to be leaving. For example, you might say "I’m out!" to your coworkers as you’re leaving your part time job for the day.

And lastly, here’s one that I find interesting because the words “so long” can mean goodbye, but they could also mean a measurement of time or distance. “That movie was so long, I feel asleep before the first half.” Here’s the etymology from Online Etymology Dictionary:

so long (interjection)

parting salutation, 1860, of unknown origin, perhaps from a German idiom (compare German parting salutation adieu so lange, the full sense of which probably is something like "farewell, whilst (we’re apart)"); or perhaps from Hebrew shalom (via Yiddish sholom). Some have noted a similarity to Scandinavian leave-taking phrases, such as Norwegian Adjø så lenge, Farvel så lenge, Mor’n så lenge, literally "bye so long, farewell so long, morning so long;" and Swedish Hej så länge "good-bye for now," with så länge "for now" attested since 1850 according to Swedish sources. Most etymology sources seem to lean toward the German origin. So long (adv.) "for such a long time" is from late Old English.

Earlier guesses that it was a sailors’ corruption of a South Pacific form of Arabic salaam are not now regarded as convincing. "Dictionary of American Slang" also adds to the list of candidates Irish slán "safe," said to be used as a salutation in parting. The phrase seems to have turned up simultaneously in America, Britain, and perhaps Canada, originally among lower classes. First attested use is in title and text of the last poem in Whitman’s "Leaves of Grass" in the 1860 edition.

An unknown sphere, more real than I dream’d, more direct, darts awakening rays about me — So long!
Remember my words — I may again return,
I love you — I depart from materials;
I am as one disembodied, triumphant, dead.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

619-542-6773 | Ext: 766773

Symitar Documentation Services

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