Dear Editrix,
What is the difference between APA, MLA, CMOS, CSE, AMA, and IEEE?
Sincerely,
Mr. Inquisitive
Dear Mr. Inquisitive,
Thank you for the question!
These are all acronyms for the various style guides out there. Style guides include rules for grammar, language use, headings, fonts, numbering, and how to format citations. There is more to them than that, but I don’t want to bore you.
From the Purdue OWL:
Style guides are used as a way of making common elements consistent across documents written by many writers, in many places, and in many circumstances; as a result, readers from any university (or other audience groups) can read a paper written in APA style and know immediately how to navigate the headings of the paper, which details will be listed in the abstract, how quotes will be introduced and marked, where to look for important citation information, and what each citation element represents.
The primary difference between these citation styles lies in their discipline-specific focus (social sciences, humanities, history, sciences, medicine, or engineering) and their in-text citation methods (author-date, page numbers, or numbering).
Here are the acronyms, what the acronyms stand for, the field that uses them, and their emphasis.
| Acronym | Style Guide Name | Field | Emphasis |
| APA | American Psychological Association | Social sciences | Emphasizes author-date (e.g., Smith, 2026) for research currency. |
| MLA | Modern Language Association | Humanities | Emphasizes author-page (e.g., Smith 10) for literature and arts. |
| CMOS | The Chicago Manual of Style | History/Arts | Offers flexible, detailed notes-bibliography (footnotes) or author-date systems. |
| CSE | Council of Science Editors | Natural Sciences | Provides three systems (citation-sequence, name-year) tailored to science writing. |
| AMA | American Medical Association | Medicine/Health | Uses superscript numbers (1) for efficient medical citation. |
| IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | Engineering/Computer Sciences | Uses bracketed numbers (e.g., [1]) for technical documentation. |
Thank you for the question!
Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Knowledge Enablement
Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com
Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/
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