Editor's Corner

Good morning, folks. The other day I talked about a term, parasocial, that I learned at one of the B.I.G. meetings. While I was researching that, I found another term: paralanguage.

I find this term and what it represents fascinating, so here is more about it from me and Paralanguage:

Paralanguage (also called vocalics) refers to the non-verbal elements of communication that accompany spoken language. Key elements of paralanguage include:

1. Prosody: Rhythm, intonation, and stress patterns of speech.
2. Pitch: Highness or lowness of your voice.
3. Volume: Loudness or softness of speech.
4. Rate: Speed at which you speak.
5. Non-fluency features: Hesitations, pauses, fillers, and stutters.

Paralanguage allows us to understand people even when they are speaking a different language. Imagine you are at an Italian restaurant and the two people next to you are from Italy. You don’t know much more than “Grazie!,” but you can tell that it is a serious conversation because of the distance between the couple, the frowns on their faces, their bodies tilting away from each other, and the ever-growing volume of their speech. Is it a couple meeting to confess their undying love for each other? I think not, but why? Because there are aspects of their paralanguage that we recognize as unhappy, upset, and discontent.

Note, however, that paralanguage is interpreted differently from culture to culture. For example, in Japan, looking down and avoiding eye contact is considered a sign of respect, whereas in Western cultures we see avoiding eye contact as suspicious or dishonest.

In Greece, when indicating “no,” they tilt their heads up and click their tongues—which to a lot of Americans looks like they’re nodding “yes.” To make it even more confusing, to indicate “yes,” sometimes all you get is a half-nod of the head from left to right. Americans see this as the Greeks shaking their heads “no.” Before you try “translating” paralanguage in another country, research the differences between here and there (wherever you are)!

If you’d like to read more about paralanguage, see the bazillion sections on Wikipedia.

*******************************************************************************

Here’s an example I found after originally writing this article, from a website recommended on LinkedIn Learning from the folks at The Science of People, called 60 Hand Gestures You Should Be Using And Their Meaning. This is a good example of a body language cue that has different meaning, depending on what country you are in.

The Hand Purse

The purse can be formed when all fingertips come together on one hand and the palm is turned upward. It can also involve an up-and-down motion.

What it Means: Generally, this is used to show something is good. Often, the hand will “beat down” while key words are uttered.

The purse can also mean different things, depending on your location.

• Greece and Turkey: “Good.”
• Spain: “Lots of” something.
• Malta: Implies heavy sarcasm.
• Tunisia: Indicates caution, as in to take things slowly.
• France and Belgium: “I am afraid.”
• Italy: “What’s the matter, what’s up?”

I didn’t look at the whole article—but they provide some real-life examples (like Shark Tank) with people demonstrating the gestures. It’s a whole new world of paralanguage!

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

It’s time for the last (but not least) ten state nicknames in our list from Explore. I hope you’ve learned some new information or maybe come up with a fun vacation plan to visit some of our United States. Wherever you are, I hope you have a safe and happy 4th of July!

South Dakota

• Nicknames: Mount Rushmore State, Coyote State
  In 1992, South Dakota officially adopted the nickname the Mount Rushmore State in honor of its most famous landmark. It also is home to underrated national parks such as Badlands National Park.
  

Tennessee

• Nickname: Volunteer State
  If you’ve ever wondered why the University of Tennessee’s mascot is the Volunteers, it’s tied to the state’s nickname. Tennessee clinched the nickname the Volunteer State during the Mexican-American War when the federal government called for 2,800 people to help fight and more than 30,000 Tennessean soldiers volunteered.

Texas

• Nickname: Lone Star State
  Texas gets its nickname from the single star on its state flag and on the state seal, which were created after Texas won its independence from Mexico and became its own republic in 1836. Texas kept this design even after joining the Union in 1845 and has maintained a reputation for its independent spirit.

Utah

• Nickname: Beehive State
  Utah’s state name is the Beehive State, and that’s not because it produces a lot of honey or has a large bee population. The state’s first Mormon settlers chose this emblem to represent cooperation and hard work and to make a religious reference to the Biblical "land of milk and honey."

Vermont

• Nickname: Green Mountain State
  The Green Mountains don’t just run through Vermont, they indirectly gave the state its name. Vermont comes from the French "vert mont," meaning "green mountain." The British seized the territory from France after the French and Indian War, and Vermont eventually joined the Union as the 14th state in 1790.
  

Virginia

• Nicknames: The Old Dominion
  Virginia was the first of the overseas dominions of the kings and queens of England, joining Ireland, Scotland, and France under English rule. As a colony, Virginia also stayed loyal to King Charles I and his son Charles II during the English Civil War. The University of Virginia references this in its mascot; supporters of either Charles were known as "Cavaliers."

Washington

• Nicknames: Evergreen State
  Seattle realtor C.T. Conover proposed the simple nickname the Evergreen State for Washington’s lush evergreen forests. Though the nickname is widely used, it has never been officially adopted by the state legislature.

West Virginia

• Nickname: Mountain State
  After splitting from Virginia, West Virginia became the 35th state in the Union and adopted the simple nickname the Mountain State. West Virginia is the only state that sits completely within the Appalachian Mountain system, making it one of the best places in the country for outdoor activities like hiking.

Wisconsin

• Nickname: Badger State
  Wisconsin is probably best known for its cheese, but its nickname has nothing to do with the dairy delight. Wisconsin is known as the Badger State, but not because wild badgers are prolific there. In the 1800s, miners dug tunnels into hillsides looking for lead ore and often lived in temporary caves they’d hollowed out, earning them comparisons to burrowing badgers.
  

Wyoming

• Nickname: Equality State
  Wyoming’s nickname surprisingly doesn’t come from its famous parks. Wyoming is known as the Equality State because it’s the first state in the country that allowed women to vote, serve on juries, and hold public office. However, Wyoming is also full of natural beauty and some of the most stunning views in the country.

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

Good morning, fantastic people!

The other day I heard a new term during the AVID B.I.G. meeting: parasocial relationship. I will tell you a little bit about this term, but there is heap of information out there, so feel free to explore!

The term parasocial relationship, according to Wikipedia, is a type of “relationship” that started with television.

A parasocial interaction, an exposure that garners interest in a persona, becomes a parasocial relationship after repeated exposure to the media persona causes the media user to develop illusions of intimacy, friendship, and identification Positive information learned about the media persona results in increased attraction, and the relationship progresses. Parasocial relationships are enhanced due to trust and self-disclosure provided by the media persona.

The more people watch a show and learn about the actors and what they do, where they live, who they like, etc., the more they feel “directly connected to the persona, much as they are connected to their close friends, by observing and interpreting their appearance, gestures, voice, conversation, and conduct. Media personas have a significant amount of influence over media users, positive or negative.”

In the AVID meeting, the discussion was about parasocial relationships online, through social media, and reasons to be careful.

Social media introduces additional opportunities for parasocial relationships to intensify because it provides more opportunities for intimate, reciprocal, and frequent interactions between the user and persona.

As you can imagine, it would be easy to go to a site where you feel like you met someone with common experiences, feelings, problems, and more. These days, this “someone” could be a nice person like you, or they could be a fake, trying to take advantage of you.

Whether it be a celebrity, an influencer, a new friend, or a Nigerian prince, be ready to tell your buddy that you are not going to send them money!

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

Hello there!

I was thinking of cutting down the list of state nicknames to just the ones where we have employees, but I’m pretty sure I recently saw an internal webpage that had JH staff in almost every state. Here is our penultimate 10, from Explore:

New Mexico

• Nickname: Land of Enchantment
  New Mexico officially adopted the nickname the Land of Enchantment in 1999. Today, tourists flock to the state for its charming mountain towns, outdoor adventure opportunities, and more. [KC – And for Breaking Bad tourism.]

New York

• Nickname: Empire State
  While there’s no clear reason why New York earned the nickname the Empire State, the term has been credited as originating with George Washington, who once referred to the state of New York as "the Seat of the Empire." This nickname inspired many names of streets and buildings around the state, including the Empire State Building in New York City, one of America’s most-famous man-made marvels.
  

North Carolina

• Nickname: Tar Heel State
  North Carolina widely became known as the Tar Heel State because the state was a leading producer of tar and pitch for the naval industry in the 19th century. Calling someone a "tar heel" was a derogatory slang term meaning they were working class. North Carolinians reclaimed the term as a point of pride.

North Dakota

• Nicknames: Sioux State, Flickertail State, Peace Garden State, Rough Rider State
  North Dakota’s official nickname, the Peace Garden State, refers to the International Peace Garden on North Dakota’s border with Canada. The state also has other nicknames, including the Roughrider State, a reference to Theodore Roosevelt, who famously spent time there throughout his life.

Ohio

• Nickname: Buckeye State
  The use of the name "Buckeye" to refer to an Ohioan could date back as early as the 18th century. The people and the prolific plant became synonymous, especially after Ohioan William Henry Harrison ran for president. The nut of this tree was so named because its shape, size and color resemble the eye of a buck deer.

Oklahoma

• Nickname: Sooner State
  In 1889, people rushed to central Oklahoma, where the U.S. government had made millions of acres of land available to settlers on a first-come, first-served basis. On April 22 of that year at noon, a pistol was fired to signal that people could make a mad dash to claim land — but some people had snuck into the area in advance and hid to be able to claim land "sooner" than the official start time.

Oregon

• Nickname: Beaver State
  The beaver is the official state animal as well as the mascot for Oregon State University. Demand for beaver pelts is what drove trappers further west in the United States and ultimately led to Oregon joining the Union.
  

Pennsylvania

• Nickname: Keystone State
  A keystone, or capstone, is the stone piece at the apex of an arch or vault. Geographically, Pennsylvania was in the middle of the original "arch" of 13 colonies.

Rhode Island

• Nickname: The Ocean State, The Plantation State, “Little Rhodie”
  Rhode Island has the only state nickname that’s actually a shortening of its official name. The smallest state’s full name is the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Providence Plantations is simply the name of the first settlements in Rhode Island. [KC –I don’t know about “Little Rhodie,” but that’s what my alcoholic Romantic Literature teacher called it while swinging around a bottle of booze in his office.]

South Carolina

• Nickname: Palmetto State
  Home to plenty of charming, historic towns, South Carolina gets its state nickname, the Palmetto State, from its state tree, the sabal palmetto, which appears on its flag and seal. Besides being found in the state, the tree has historical significance. During the Revolutionary War, a palmetto-log fort on Sullivan’s Island withstood a British assault on Charleston Harbor, earning a big victory for the colonists.
  

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

Good morning! A while back, after I used the word ain’t in an expression, Mark B. asked me about the etymology of the word. Well Mark, I’m finally getting around to giving you a response with a little help from my friends at Dictionary.com.

Although many people consider ain’t to be at best nonstandard and at worst just plain wrong, it has a long and impressive history. And when you look at it alongside other contractions (like isn’t, haven’t, doesn’t, etc.), it’s a little surprising how controversial it is.

The word ain’t is found in historical writing and was used by lords and ladies in Victorian literature. Today, it is a legitimate part of many forms of English, including in Black English (AAVE). Most commonly here in the United States, ain’t stands for am/are/is not or have/has not. Here are some examples:

• I ain’t playing that game.
• They ain’t got any money.

Because it’s considered an informal word, I’m pretty sure you do not use ain’t in your professional writing, but many of you may use itin your everyday speech. I certainly use it now and then. It’s a very versatile contraction that began way back in 1706 as amn’t (a contraction of am not), and then it morphed into ain’t. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, ain’t got it’s bad rap from Charles Dickens, who popularized it in representations of the working class London cockney dialect “…which led to the word being banished entirely from correct English.”

Whether or not it’s considered “correct,” ain’t is widely used in English-speaking countries. There are quite a few common ain’t expressions (from the Dictionary.com article) that we’re all familiar with:

• If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.
• He ain’t what he used to be.
• You ain’t heard (or seen) nothing yet.
• Say it ain’t so, Joe!
• Ain’t it the truth!

And you Looney Tunes lovers, may remember Bugs Bunny’s famous saying:

I ain’t gonna lie, I hope you enjoy the rest of your day.

Donna Bradley Burcher |Technical Editor, Advisory | jack henry

Pronouns she/her/hers

9660 Granite Ridge Drive, San Diego CA 92123

Symitar Education Resources (sharepoint.com)

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About Editor’s Corner

Editor’s Corner keeps your communication skills sharp by providing information on grammar, punctuation, JHA style, and all things English. As editors, we spend our days reading, researching, and revising other people’s writing. We love to spend a few extra minutes to share what we learn with you and keep it fun while we’re doing it.

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A couple of weeks ago, Donna and I had dinner with our retired coworker, Ron. Ron is one of the few people I know who still read the actual paper copy of the newspaper, and over the years he has provided me (and readers of the Editor’s Corner) with fun columns from Richard Lederer. Well, he gave me a huge set of clippings that he saved, and over the next weeks and months, I will share some of them with you.

Here’s your first article, one about William Spooner. My dad loved to share spoonerisms with us as kids, though most of them aren’t safe for work! Here are some spoonerisms along with an explanation of what they are from Mr. Lederer that shouldn’t get you in trouble. From the San Diego Union-Tribune:

On July 22, 1844, near London, William Archibald Spooner was born with a silver spoonerism in his mouth. He set out to be a bird-watcher but ended up as a word-botcher. He often reversed letters and syllables with unintentional hilarity. For example, … Dr. Spooner entered his church and found a woman sitting in his usual pew. He responded, “Mardon me, padam. You are occupewing my pie. May I sew you to another sheet?”

Dr. Spooner became a distinguished don at Oxford University. But because of his frequent tips of the slung, he became famous for his tough-and-rumble words. These switcheroos have become known as spoonerisms.

The larger the number of words in a language, the greater the likelihood that two or more words will rhyme. Because English possesses more words than any other language, it also possesses more possible spoonerisms. That’s why English is full of thud and blunder. A ghost town becomes a toast gown. A tollbooth becomes a bowl tooth. A bartender becomes a tar bender. With a bit of fudging, motion pictures become potion mixtures, and your local Wal-Mart becomes a Mall Wart.

In honor of Dr. William Archibald Spooner’s whiz and witdom, I present my sprightly poem about English terrors and tinglish errors:

Dr. Spooner’s Animal Act

Welcome, ladies; welcome gents.

Here’s an act that’s so in tents,

An absolute sure-fire parade,

A positive pure-fire charade —

(As you can see, I give free reign

To this metrical refrain.)

With animals all in a row,

I hope that you enjoy the show.

Gallops forth a curried horse,

Trotting through a hurried course.

Watch now how this speeding rider

Holds aloft a reading spider,

Followed by a dragonfly,

As it drains its flagon dry.

Step right up! See this mere bug

Drain the drink from his beer mug.

See a clever, heeding rabbit

Who’s acquired a reading habit,

Sitting on his money bags,

Reading many bunny mags,

Which tickle hard his funny bone,

As he talks on his bunny phone.

He is such a funny beast,

Gobbling down his bunny feast.

Lumbers forth a honey bear,

Fur as soft as bunny hair.

Gaze upon that churning bear

Standing on a burning chair.

Don’t vacillate. An ocelot

Will oscillate a vase a lot.

And — a gift from our Dame Luck —

There waddles in a large lame duck.

Now hops a dilly of a frog

Followed by a frilly dog.

Hear that hoppy frog advise:

“Time’s fun when you’re having flies!”

With animals weak and animals mild,

Creatures meek and creatures wild,

That’s Dr. Spooner’s circus show,

With animals all in a row.

That’s a look at spoonerisms in one swell foop. So let’s close with a special toast. Here’s champagne to our real friends — and real pain to our sham friends! –Richard Lederer

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editing Requests

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Good morning! Today I have our middle third of state nicknames and a few pictures for you. I hope you find these as interesting as I do. Each state contains such a cornucopia of delights! These descriptions are from Explore.com.

Massachusetts

• Nickname: Bay State
  Before it was officially nicknamed the Bay State, Massachusetts was the Massachusetts Bay Colony until "bay" was dropped from the name when it entered the Union in 1788. However, the state’s five bays — Massachusetts Bay, Quincy Bay, Narragansett Bay, Razzmatazz Bay, Buzzards Bay and Cape Cod Bay — are still its most defining natural features and offer beauty that only East Coasters know about. [KC – I’m sorry, I couldn’t help myself. I made up Razzmatazz Bay. I’m a big Boston fan, though.]

Michigan

• Nicknames: Wolverine State, Great Lakes State
  One of Michigan’s popular nicknames is the Great Lakes State, which is featured on its commemorative bicentennial quarter. Michigan touches four of the five Great Lakes, making it a great destination for outdoor adventures. Michigan is also known as the Wolverine State, despite not being home to this animal. The nickname’s origins aren’t clear, but one legend goes that during the 1835 Toledo War between Michigan and Ohio, Ohioans described people from Michigan as being as vicious and bloodthirsty as wolverines.
  

Minnesota

• Nicknames: North Star State, Gopher State, Land of 10,000 Lakes
  Minnesota’s state motto is "L’etoile du nord," which is French for "the North Star." This evolved into one of the state’s most popular nicknames, the North Star State. The state also promotes itself as the Land of 10,000 Lakes because of the many, many places to enjoy outdoor water activities on its gorgeous, blue waters.​​​​​​ And the Gopher State nickname dates back to a political cartoon from 1858, the year Minnesota became a state.

Mississippi

• Nickname: Magnolia State
  The magnolia has become synonymous with Mississippi, serving as the official state tree and state flower. Its nickname, "The Magnolia State," appears on Mississippi’s commemorative state quarter released in 2002.
  

Missouri

• Nickname: Show-me State
  Missouri’s nickname, the Show-Me State, is not official, but it’s widely used and has a unique origin story. In an 1899 speech, Congressman Willard Duncan Vandiver said: "Frothy eloquence neither convinces nor satisfies me. I am from Missouri. You have got to show me." This became a self-deprecating shorthand for Missouri stubbornness, which can be a somewhat endearing quality until it becomes toxic.

Montana

• Nickname: Treasure State
  Montana’s most popular unofficial nickname is the Treasure State because of its rich mineral resources. Montana’s state motto — "Oro y Plata," Spanish for "gold and silver" — also references this.

Nebraska

• Nicknames: Cornhusker State, Tree Planters State
  While plenty of state schools get their mascot from the state nickname, Nebraska’s situation is the opposite. In 1945, the state adopted the new nickname the Cornhusker State, replacing its previous nickname, the Tree Planters State, in honor of the nickname for the University of Nebraska football team. Corn is one of the state’s major crops and was husked by hand by early settlers, earning Nebraskans the moniker "cornhuskers."
  

Nevada

• Nicknames: Sagebrush State, Silver State, Battle Born State
  While many people are familiar with Las Vegas’ nickname, Sin City, they might not be familiar with the state of Nevada’s nickname. Nevada is known as the Battle Born State because it acquired statehood in the middle of the country’s deadliest conflict, the Civil War. Nevada joined the Union in 1864.

New Hampshire

• Nickname: Granite State
  Despite the fact that less than half of New Hampshire’s bedrock is actually made of granite, it’s earned the nickname the Granite State due to its granite quarrying industry.

New Jersey

• Nickname: Garden State
  Abraham Browning is credited with coining New Jersey’s nickname, the Garden State, at the Philadelphia Centennial exhibition in 1876. He described the state as a barrel full of good things but open at both ends, allowing Pennsylvania and New York to reach in and grab resources. The name evolved to refer to the state’s floral and agricultural produce.
  

I had to include this photo of The Garden State. C’mon people! You managed corn for the Cornhusker State, a magnolia for the Magnolia State, a pelican… You couldn’t find a single garden in New Jersey?

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

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Good morning to my fellow word lovers!

Recently, Donna wrote an article about the typographic mark the pilcrow. While I was reading and clicking through her exposé, I was excited to find another unusual typographic mark that I must share with you: the manicule. Nope, not a manicure, though they are both related to hands. The manicule is a mark that looks like a hand and is used to call your attention to something in the text.

Here are a few examples, though if you check Wikipedia, it will provide you with the Unicode for a variety of manicules and pictures of their modern emoji siblings.

The word manicule comes from the Latin root manicula, meaning "little hand," though it has been called other things through history, my favorite terms being “pointer,” “hand director,” and “bishop’s fist.”

The manicule, like the pilcrow, has been around since the medieval and Renaissance times on manuscripts. The purpose was to point out corrections or notes to the scribes. Here is a true “old school” example from the 15th century, resembling a monk with hotdog fingers:

As handwritten texts gave way to the printing press, you might think that the manicules would be removed, since editing notes and comments weren’t printed in books, but people loved manicules! They remained in books as decorative elements, particularly on title pages.

The manicule heyday was in the 19th century, when they were used on signs, in advertisements, and on mail marked “Return to Sender” from the post office. Manicules were everywhere. During my short stint as a sign maker, we used 19th century graphics for all of our retro advertising and signs (think Trader Joe’s), and manicules were de rigueur.

Some might say their overuse in the 1800s led to their demise, but as I mentioned above, you see a lot of hand emojis flying around today. Their use, however, for pointing out additions, errors, or other edits in text has disappeared.

Maybe the next time I hand edit something, or put a note somewhere, I will reintroduce the manicule! It may look like a blob, but it will keep the conversation going with the writer!

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

Maybe this is a silly question: Have you ever wondered why paragraphs are indented? I never did, but after my friend Jane G. brought it up and shared a Facebook® post on the subject, I got interested, and the answer is so intriguing.

Nerd alert!

What I learned is that during the Middle Ages, documents were copied by people called scribes, and there were several scribes and several steps involved in the intricate process they followed. Rather than starting a new paragraph to indicate a change in topic, the first scribe left a blank space. When they were finished with their part of the process (copying the document), they handed the document over to specialized scribes called rubricators, who were responsible for embellishing the document. They’re the ones who added an elaborate ornamental (often bright red) symbol in the blank space. The symbol they used was a precursor to the pilcrow symbol that is still used today (¶) to indicate a paragraph—although now the pilcrow is mostly relegated to editors and writing instructors.

What appears to have happened is that the rubricators sometimes ran out of time during the embellishment phase, which left empty spaces where the pilcrow symbols were intended to be placed. The problem grew worse with the advent of the printing press. Demand grew for printed material, and rubricators just couldn’t keep up.

Eventually, the empty space rather than the pilcrow marked a new paragraph. And now, as you can see in my formatting of this email, the space at the beginning of each paragraph is sometimes a line space rather than an indentation.

If you’re a nerd of enormous proportions, like me and Jane G., and you want to know more about this topic, read The Origin of the Pilcrow, aka the Strange Paragraph Symbol or watch Abraham Piper’s Facebook post.

Example of text with embellishment

Another example—note the shape of the pilcrow.

I hope you enjoyed this trip down medieval lane.

Donna Bradley Burcher |Technical Editor, Advisory | jack henry

Pronouns she/her/hers

9660 Granite Ridge Drive, San Diego CA 92123

Symitar Education Resources (sharepoint.com)

About Editor’s Corner

Editor’s Corner keeps your communication skills sharp by providing information on grammar, punctuation, JHA style, and all things English. As editors, we spend our days reading, researching, and revising other people’s writing. We love to spend a few extra minutes to share what we learn with you and keep it fun while we’re doing it.

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Today I’m going to take a break from state nicknames and talk about flowers. 😊

Did spring already come and go? June is here and the sun is still reluctant to come out in San Diego, but when I walk through the neighborhood, I smell jasmine, Natal plums, and orchid trees.

Merriam-Webster also informed me that spring (almost summer!) is here when they published these etymologies of flowers. Here is a selection of them and a couple of photos for you, but if you’d like the full bouquet, it is here: flower etymologies.

Dandelion

Though widely considered a pesky weed, the name dandelion has a majestic meaning: it comes from Anglo-French dent de lion which literally means "lion’s tooth" because of the toothed shape of the ends of its petals.

Pansy

The name for this delicate flower is deeper than it seems: the word pansy is related to the word pensive. It comes from Middle French pensée meaning "thought," from the past participle of penser "to think," and ultimately from Latin pensare "to ponder."

Azalea

Borrowed from Greek azaléā, the feminine of azaléos, azalea means literally "dry, parched, withered." Apparently this flowering shrub was given its name because of its ability to thrive in a dry climate.

Daisy

Daisy is from Old English dægesēage, from dæg meaning "day" and ēage meaning "eye." This is because the flower opens or "wakes" in the morning and closes or "sleeps" at night. The ray-like appearance of the daisy as it wakes and sleeps with the sun reminds one of an eye that opens in the morning and closes at night.

Hydrangea

The hydrangea, a popular flowering shrub, gets its name not from the shape of its flowers or leaves, but from the shape of its seed pods: from Greek hydr- meaning "water" and angeîon meaning "vessel, container," the name refers to the cup-like capsules that hold its seeds.

Iris

The word iris is borrowed from Latin īrid-, īris "rainbow," borrowed from Greek meaning "rainbow, iridescent halo around the moon." The etymology of this word is for both the flower and the colored part of the eye.

Tulip

The name of the cup-shaped tulip comes from the Turkish word tülbent which means "turban." The flower got its name from the resemblance of its overlapping petals to the folds of fabric in a turban, a headdress worn chiefly in countries of the eastern Mediterranean and southern Asia.

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

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