Editor's Corner

Oh my goodness, we are suddenly super busy! Today I’d like to quickly delve into a couple of things related to speech. The first thing is called upspeak, the second is called vocal fry.

When you are speaking English and the pitch of your voice raises, it is called a “rising inflection.” In English, you most often hear this rising inflection at the end of a question, for example: “Are you go to Swami’s?” That higher pitch is called “upspeak” or “uptalk,” but upspeak has become more than just that word at the end of a sentence. Sometimes, rising inflection is used at the end of sentences and clauses, whether they are questions or not.

I was looking for an example, and some of them were too long, but here is a good one from a woman who demonstrates “uptalk” vs. “straight talk.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQWej-hMiZI

There are other countries where this has been noticed, so it isn’t just American English or Southern California valley girls. I read that it occurs in England (the British blame it on Scandinavians), Australia, Northern Ireland, and other places.

Vocal fry is something similar. According to this article What is vocal fry? it is when…

“…(S)omeone doesn’t use enough breath to speak or sing. The lack of breath causes a creaky sound as the vocal cords come into close contact. It usually happens at the ends of phrases, as the pitch of the sentence goes down and tapers off.”

While neither of these kinds of speech are gender-specific, my next example says that vocal fry is a female phenomenon. I’m including it because the minute you hear it, you will understand exactly what a vocal fry is.

Club Comix Vocal Fry

Many vocal coaches recommend against both of these types of speech, particularly if you want to sound authoritative, professional, and sure of yourself.

My favorite example is full of bad language, but I find it hilarious. If you aren’t easily offended, you can do a search for “Loudermilk and vocal fry” after work.

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

Greetings, fellow humans. At the zoo the other evening, my spouse and I were trying to remember names for groups of animals. We started with our own species, and due to the mass of people around us, we settled on the term crowd: we were part of a pretty big crowd of people. But our game got a lot more fun when we started remembering or looking up names for groups of animals.

At the front of the San Diego Zoo, there is a flamboyance of flamingos. They are striking, for sure. And that led us down a very entertaining rabbit hole: as you may know, a group of rabbits is called a colony or a warren. Following is a partial list of lesser-known names for groups of animals:

• A troop of baboons
• A colony, cloud, or cauldron of bats
• A caravan of camels
• A coalition of cheetahs
• A bed of clams
• A band of coyotes
• A convocation of eagles
• A parade of elephants
• A charm of finches
• A tower of giraffes
• A cloud or hoard of gnats
• A bloat of thunder of hippopotami
• A cackle of hyenas
• A shadow of jaguars
• A troop or mob of kangaroos
• An ascension or exaltation of larks
• A conspiracy of lemurs
• A leap of leopards
• An aggregation of manatees
• A watch of nightingales
• A parliament of owls
• A prickle of porcupines
• A gaze of raccoons
• An unkindness of ravens
• A stench of skunks
• A dray or scurry of squirrels
• A fever of stingrays
• A wisdom of wombats
• A descent of woodpeckers
• A zeal of zebras

What should we call a group of Jack Henry associates? A jump? A jaunt? A jewel? Or maybe you can think of something else…

Have a lovely Thursday, my people.

Donna Bradley Burcher |Technical Editor, Advisory | jack henry

Pronouns she/her/hers

Symitar Education Resources (sharepoint.com)

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About Editor’s Corner

Editor’s Corner keeps your communication skills sharp by providing information on grammar, punctuation, JHA style, and all things English. As editors, we spend our days reading, researching, and revising other people’s writing. We love to spend a few extra minutes to share what we learn with you and keep it fun while we’re doing it.

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Good morning, friends.

While use of the words suspect and expect does not seem to be an issue for most people, a good friend asked me to explain the difference, so I thought maybe it was worth discussing here. Let’s start with some inquiry:

· When dark clouds are gathering, and you declare that it could rain this evening—do you expect it might rain or suspect it might rain?

· When Fatima bursts into the room with a red face, do you expect or suspect that she is angry?

· When you’re told that Uncle Seamus, who vowed never to get married is engaged to a very wealthy heiress, do you expect or suspect that he’s marrying her for her money?

I bet you have some good guesses about which word to choose in each of the examples above, but maybe you’re not sure why. That’s where I come in! I think, maybe, you expect me to provide a distinction between the two words. Expectation granted!

When you expect something, you have some proof or evidence that it is likely to occur. If you see dark clouds rolling in, there’s a good chance that it will rain.

When you suspect something, you have weaker proof, or maybe just a feeling—basically, you are simply guessing. Fatima’s red face and quick entrance could signal anger, but it could be something else entirely—she could be running late for an appointment, or she could have been out for a run.

The example about Uncle Seamus is a little more difficult, but there is still a pretty clear choice. We do have a suspicion that he’s gold digging since he vowed never to get married, but we really don’t have any proof, so until we have more evidence, we only suspect his motives.

To reiterate, use expect when you have proof or evidence that something will happen and use suspect when you have a feeling or a suspicion that something might happen.

I’m expecting today to be a good day. What’s my evidence? It’s a sunny day, I have a happy dog, and I’m having pizza for dinner. What can go wrong?

Donna Bradley Burcher |Technical Editor, Advisory | jack henry

Pronouns she/her/hers

Symitar Education Resources (sharepoint.com)

About Editor’s Corner

Editor’s Corner keeps your communication skills sharp by providing information on grammar, punctuation, JHA style, and all things English. As editors, we spend our days reading, researching, and revising other people’s writing. We love to spend a few extra minutes to share what we learn with you and keep it fun while we’re doing it.

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Good day!

We all love words—at least this gang does. English is jam-packed with wonderful words that are borrowed from other languages and peculiar old English words that have evolved in tortuous ways. Some of those words, like the word tortuous, sound like they mean something other than what they actually mean.

The word tortuous sounds like it should mean painful—because it’s very similar to the word torturous (which has an extra r). However, tortuous (without the extra r) actually means winding or twisting, which aptly describes the evolution of so many English words.

Way back in 2023, I shared a list of words that don’t mean what you think they mean, and tortuous was on that list. Today, I want to share some other words that have meanings that might surprise you. It’s always good to expand our vocabulary, and some of these words are going to be fun to torture my family with.

• bodkin (noun): dagger, bayonet

Hester is not a violent person, but she carries a bodkin in her handbag to protect herself.

• commodious (adj): spacious and convenient; roomy

Tanzy’s house has such commodious closets!

• crapulous (adj): intoxicated, inebriated

Agatha called Neville a crapulous spendthrift.

• crepuscular (adj): of, relating to, or resembling twilight; dim

Foxes tend to show crepuscular or nocturnal activity patterns.

• funambulist (noun): tightrope walker

Freida the funambulist was the best act in the entire show!

• halitosis (noun): offensive bad breath

She’s very sweet, but she has horrible halitosis.

• noisome (adj): noxious, harmful

The environment at the event was uncomfortably noisome.

• nugatory (adj): of little or no consequence

Dixon made comments that were too nugatory to merit attention.

• prestidigitation (noun): sleight of hand; magic trick

Houdini’s powers of prestidigitation are legendary.

• prevaricate (verb): to deviate from the truth; equivocate

Hank was willing to prevaricate on the witness stand to protect his brother.

• probity (noun): adherence to the highest principals and ideals; uprightness

As a religious leader, she strives to be a person of indisputable probity.

• pulchritude (noun): physical comeliness

Everyone agrees, Yuri and Tatyana are specimens of glorious pulchritude.

Now come on—you have to admit that was interesting, not nugatory. Just admit it, and then you can go on and enjoy the rest of your day. Happy Thursday!

Donna Bradley Burcher |Technical Editor, Advisory | jack henry

Pronouns she/her/hers

9660 Granite Ridge Drive, San Diego CA 92123

Symitar Education Resources (sharepoint.com)

About Editor’s Corner

Editor’s Corner keeps your communication skills sharp by providing information on grammar, punctuation, JHA style, and all things English. As editors, we spend our days reading, researching, and revising other people’s writing. We love to spend a few extra minutes to share what we learn with you and keep it fun while we’re doing it.

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Good morning, hot tamales! It seems the world is overheating everywhere you gowell, at least in the U.S. these days. To get away from it all, my husband and I filled a kiddie pool with ice and hopped in! No, not really. We did something boring and middle-aged: we started watching Shun.

Not the one from 1980, though I remember watching that with my dad. We started on the 2024 version. But what does my nighttime entertainment and a show about Japan have to do with English?

Im glad you asked! There was a scene with a Portuguese Jesuit priest, sporting a stunning shaved coiffure, and I ask aloud, Whats up with that hairdo, anyway?

We asked Google about it, and the response I heard was something about tonsils. That could not be right. I got on the computer and searched Google online and found my answer: tonsure. According to Wikipedia, tonsure is shaving the hair as a

sign of religious devotion or humility. The term originates from the Latin word tonsura (meaning "clipping" or "shearing") and referred to a specific practice in medieval Catholicism, abandoned by papal order in 1972.

Though abandoned by the Pope, tonsure is still practiced these days by many religions and is a symbol of modesty or giving up worldly fashion and vanity as part of religious devotion. For example, some Catholic orders, Easter Orthodox church members, Buddhists, Hindus, and Islamic people still shave their heads or part of their heads.

Tonsure occurs at different times in life as part of a religious ceremony. It could be when joining a religion or as a particular religious ritual. In India, tonsuring (or Mundan) occurs as part of a ceremony for young children. Here is a little bit more information, from hindutsav.com:

By shaving off the first natural hair of the baby and immersing it in the holy river Ganga, we purify them from the thoughts, impurity, and karma of the past life.

It is also believed that tonsuring blesses the child with a healthy and long life. It is believed that the impurities during the pregnancy are also removed by shaving off the hair.

Many religions perform the ritual of shaving a babys head after birth. Not only Hindus but Muslims, Jews, Mongolians, Polish, etc. perform Mundan or tonsure. The tradition of shaving baby hair is common in parts of Asia and some Latin American countries. While the ceremonys names may differ, it is performed in several religions and countries worldwide.

I found it interesting that this isnt just a Catholic fashion saved for the monks. It is a much broader practice covering all ages and many religions. Still, I dont plan on getting a new haircut any time soon.

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editors Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

Greetings to you!

Today’s topic has been on my mind for some years now, and I finally decided to discuss it here. It’s a small but curious difference between British and U.S. English.

Here in the States, we add the article the before the word hospital. We say, “I’m going to the hospital.” In the UK, they say, “I’m going to hospital.”

The British phrasing has always sounded odd to me. I thought that dropping the was just another quaint British quirk. And then a while back I did a little digging and found out that what I thought was an oddity of British English is actually an oddity of U.S. English. We Yanks are not consistent in this phrasing—we don’t always add the—and I realized that there really isn’t much logic behind how and when we do use the in terms like the hospital. Here are some examples of when we don’t use the:

We say, “We go back to school in August,” not “to the school.”

And we say, “After high school, I went to college,” not “to the college.”

And not that any of you have reason to say this, but hypothetically speaking, you would say, “I was convicted and went to prison,” not “to the prison.”

My research did not turn up any rule or reason for this usage or the inconsistency. This just seems to be one more regional difference between British and U.S. English.

So, put that in the boot of your car and drive off down the dual carriageway.

Donna Bradley Burcher |Technical Editor, Advisory | jack henry

Pronouns she/her/hers

9660 Granite Ridge Drive, San Diego CA 92123

Symitar Education Resources (sharepoint.com)

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About Editor’s Corner

Editor’s Corner keeps your communication skills sharp by providing information on grammar, punctuation, JHA style, and all things English. As editors, we spend our days reading, researching, and revising other people’s writing. We love to spend a few extra minutes to share what we learn with you and keep it fun while we’re doing it.

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Good morning, friends!

As most of you know, when studying English, I also love to see what other languages have to offer. Today I’m going to look at a few German words that English speakers think we could use, such as Backpfeifengesicht, “a face that is badly in need of a fist.” These words are sometimes called untranslatables:

“…single words whose definitions are wonderfully specific or complex enough that, when translated into another language, they require numerous words to express the same idea.”

From Dictionary.com, here are a few to start with. Since I don’t speak anything outside of Hogan’s Heroes German, I’m going to let the experts define how to say these terms and what they mean.

blaumachen

If you’re suffering from a case of the Mondays, you might be tempted to blaumachen [ blou-makh-in ]. Blaumachen means “to skip work” or “to play hooky” for no good reason. Blau translates to “blue” and machen means “to make,” so taken together, blaumachen is “to make blue.” What does shirking your responsibilities have to do with making something blue?

Well, the idea of blaumachen comes from “making a Blue Monday.” Traditionally in German culture, a Blue Monday (blauer Montag) was a day people chose not to work, either due to observing a celebration (or after celebrating too much). The blue is thought to originate as a reference to clothing worn on Sundays and holidays. The blue is sometimes connected to the use of the color around the period of Lent in the Lutheran church.

Luftschlösser bauen

We all have hopes and dreams, but if your dreams are extravagant, you might be accused of Luftschlösser bauen [ looft-shles-uh bou-in ], or “building castles in the air.” The German verb bauen means to “build.” Das Luftschloss (die Luftschlösser in the plural) is a “daydream” or “pipe dream,” but it literally means “air castle” (Luft means “sky,” and Schloss means “castle”).

The idea of Luftschlösser bauen runs parallel to the old French expression faire des châteaux en Espagne, “to make castles in Spain” (i.e., a difficult task in a country you don’t rule), first recorded in the 13th century. Whatever the construction and whatever the language, the expression building castles in the air is dismissive of fanciful plans that will never pan out.

quatschen

Don’t talk nonsense—or, as they may say in German, nicht quatschen. Quatschen [ kvach-in ] is a German word that translates as “to talk nonsense, babble, gossip, chatter” and is said to be a favorite of German schoolteachers trying to get their students to zip it.

The etymology of quatschen is unclear. It’s possible that it comes from the sound of stepping into mud or something else squishy. It’s also suggested that the word comes from the Low German word quat, which means “bad, evil.”

The related Quatsch! can be issued as an interjection to express disbelief or dismissal akin to the English baloney or nonsense.

A few more next time!

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

Good morning, good people!

Today, I’m taking a break. It’s summer, and even though it is foggy out right now, I’m pretending to be on vacation! Here is one of Richard Lederer’s articles on English. I’ve heard from some of you about how many words in English have multiple meanings, and here is a take on the same topic from Richard and the San Diego Union-Tribune. The full article is at the link.

DEAR RICHARD: The word buck has nine different definitions as presented in dictionary.com.

This set me to wondering “Is there a definition of words with many definitions? What words in the English language are like this? Which has the most? How does this happen to begin with?” — Michael Stewart, Scripps Ranch

If you need a fancy term for multiple meanings of a word, it’s polysemy, from the Greek poly, “many,” as in polygamy, and sem, “signification, meaning,” as in semantic. Polysemy is common for nouns, verbs, and modifiers because there are more objects and ideas in the world than there are words for them, so many words have to do double (or more) duty.

Take the plain, little word run. Turns out it’s actually our longest word, in the sense that with 645 — you read that right: 645! —meanings, run takes up more room in our fattest dictionaries than any other word. How many meanings can run have beyond “to move rapidly on alternate feet”? Well, you can run a company, run for the school board, run the motor of your car, run a flag up a pole, run up your debts, run your stocking, run your mouth, run a fence around a property, run an idea past a colleague, run the numbers, run an antagonist through with your sword, run an ad in a newspaper, run into a childhood friend, never run out of meanings for run — and your nose can run and your feet can smell.

Run takes up half again as much space as its nearest polysemous competitor, put, which itself is far more polysemous than the third word in this category, set. So the three “longest” words enshrined in our dictionaries are each composed of three letters.

Rounding out the top ten most polysemous words, each but a single syllable are, alphabetically, cast, cut, draw, point, serve, strike, and through.

There you have it! Take that to your local trivia night and win…something. 😊

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

Good morning, folks. The other day I talked about a term, parasocial, that I learned at one of the B.I.G. meetings. While I was researching that, I found another term: paralanguage.

I find this term and what it represents fascinating, so here is more about it from me and Paralanguage:

Paralanguage (also called vocalics) refers to the non-verbal elements of communication that accompany spoken language. Key elements of paralanguage include:

1. Prosody: Rhythm, intonation, and stress patterns of speech.
2. Pitch: Highness or lowness of your voice.
3. Volume: Loudness or softness of speech.
4. Rate: Speed at which you speak.
5. Non-fluency features: Hesitations, pauses, fillers, and stutters.

Paralanguage allows us to understand people even when they are speaking a different language. Imagine you are at an Italian restaurant and the two people next to you are from Italy. You don’t know much more than “Grazie!,” but you can tell that it is a serious conversation because of the distance between the couple, the frowns on their faces, their bodies tilting away from each other, and the ever-growing volume of their speech. Is it a couple meeting to confess their undying love for each other? I think not, but why? Because there are aspects of their paralanguage that we recognize as unhappy, upset, and discontent.

Note, however, that paralanguage is interpreted differently from culture to culture. For example, in Japan, looking down and avoiding eye contact is considered a sign of respect, whereas in Western cultures we see avoiding eye contact as suspicious or dishonest.

In Greece, when indicating “no,” they tilt their heads up and click their tongues—which to a lot of Americans looks like they’re nodding “yes.” To make it even more confusing, to indicate “yes,” sometimes all you get is a half-nod of the head from left to right. Americans see this as the Greeks shaking their heads “no.” Before you try “translating” paralanguage in another country, research the differences between here and there (wherever you are)!

If you’d like to read more about paralanguage, see the bazillion sections on Wikipedia.

*******************************************************************************

Here’s an example I found after originally writing this article, from a website recommended on LinkedIn Learning from the folks at The Science of People, called 60 Hand Gestures You Should Be Using And Their Meaning. This is a good example of a body language cue that has different meaning, depending on what country you are in.

The Hand Purse

The purse can be formed when all fingertips come together on one hand and the palm is turned upward. It can also involve an up-and-down motion.

What it Means: Generally, this is used to show something is good. Often, the hand will “beat down” while key words are uttered.

The purse can also mean different things, depending on your location.

• Greece and Turkey: “Good.”
• Spain: “Lots of” something.
• Malta: Implies heavy sarcasm.
• Tunisia: Indicates caution, as in to take things slowly.
• France and Belgium: “I am afraid.”
• Italy: “What’s the matter, what’s up?”

I didn’t look at the whole article—but they provide some real-life examples (like Shark Tank) with people demonstrating the gestures. It’s a whole new world of paralanguage!

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/

It’s time for the last (but not least) ten state nicknames in our list from Explore. I hope you’ve learned some new information or maybe come up with a fun vacation plan to visit some of our United States. Wherever you are, I hope you have a safe and happy 4th of July!

South Dakota

• Nicknames: Mount Rushmore State, Coyote State
  In 1992, South Dakota officially adopted the nickname the Mount Rushmore State in honor of its most famous landmark. It also is home to underrated national parks such as Badlands National Park.
  

Tennessee

• Nickname: Volunteer State
  If you’ve ever wondered why the University of Tennessee’s mascot is the Volunteers, it’s tied to the state’s nickname. Tennessee clinched the nickname the Volunteer State during the Mexican-American War when the federal government called for 2,800 people to help fight and more than 30,000 Tennessean soldiers volunteered.

Texas

• Nickname: Lone Star State
  Texas gets its nickname from the single star on its state flag and on the state seal, which were created after Texas won its independence from Mexico and became its own republic in 1836. Texas kept this design even after joining the Union in 1845 and has maintained a reputation for its independent spirit.

Utah

• Nickname: Beehive State
  Utah’s state name is the Beehive State, and that’s not because it produces a lot of honey or has a large bee population. The state’s first Mormon settlers chose this emblem to represent cooperation and hard work and to make a religious reference to the Biblical "land of milk and honey."

Vermont

• Nickname: Green Mountain State
  The Green Mountains don’t just run through Vermont, they indirectly gave the state its name. Vermont comes from the French "vert mont," meaning "green mountain." The British seized the territory from France after the French and Indian War, and Vermont eventually joined the Union as the 14th state in 1790.
  

Virginia

• Nicknames: The Old Dominion
  Virginia was the first of the overseas dominions of the kings and queens of England, joining Ireland, Scotland, and France under English rule. As a colony, Virginia also stayed loyal to King Charles I and his son Charles II during the English Civil War. The University of Virginia references this in its mascot; supporters of either Charles were known as "Cavaliers."

Washington

• Nicknames: Evergreen State
  Seattle realtor C.T. Conover proposed the simple nickname the Evergreen State for Washington’s lush evergreen forests. Though the nickname is widely used, it has never been officially adopted by the state legislature.

West Virginia

• Nickname: Mountain State
  After splitting from Virginia, West Virginia became the 35th state in the Union and adopted the simple nickname the Mountain State. West Virginia is the only state that sits completely within the Appalachian Mountain system, making it one of the best places in the country for outdoor activities like hiking.

Wisconsin

• Nickname: Badger State
  Wisconsin is probably best known for its cheese, but its nickname has nothing to do with the dairy delight. Wisconsin is known as the Badger State, but not because wild badgers are prolific there. In the 1800s, miners dug tunnels into hillsides looking for lead ore and often lived in temporary caves they’d hollowed out, earning them comparisons to burrowing badgers.
  

Wyoming

• Nickname: Equality State
  Wyoming’s nickname surprisingly doesn’t come from its famous parks. Wyoming is known as the Equality State because it’s the first state in the country that allowed women to vote, serve on juries, and hold public office. However, Wyoming is also full of natural beauty and some of the most stunning views in the country.

Kara Church | Technical Editor, Advisory | Technical Publications

Pronouns: she/her | Call via Teams | jackhenry.com

Editor’s Corner Archives: https://episystechpubs.com/