Editor's Corner

Happy Friday and happy weekend to you!

Today, my gift to you is the second half of the 12 Greek Words You Should Know, from Daily Writing Tips.

7. Dogma

Dogma refers to the established belief or set of principles held by a religion, ideology or by any organization. Dogmas are also authoritative and undisputed. Outside of the religious context, therefore, the term tends to carry a negative connotation. Notice that the plural is either dogmata or dogmas.

8. Eureka

The exclamation Eureka is used to celebrate a discovery, and it can be translated to “I have found!”. It is attributed to the famous Greek mathematician Archimedes. While taking a bath, he suddenly realized that the water displaced must be equal to the volume of the part of his body he had submerged. He got so excited with the discovery that he left his home and started to run and shout “Eureka!” through the streets of Syracuse.

9. Genesis

Genesis means birth or origin. There are many synonyms for this word, including beginning, onset, start, spring, dawn and commencement. Genesis is also the name of the first book of the Bible.

10. Phobia

Many people wrongly think that a phobia is a fear. In reality, it is more than that. Phobia is an irrational and exaggerated fear of something. The fear can be associated with certain activities, situations, things or people.

11. Plethora

You have a plethora when you go beyond what is needed or appropriate. It represents an excess or undesired abundance.

12. Kudos

Kudos means fame or glory, usually resulting from an important act or achievement. It is interesting to notice that in Greek and in the Standard British English, Kudos is a singular noun. Inside the United States, however, it is often used in a plural form (e.g., You deserve many kudos for this accomplishment!)

The town of Korthi (on the island of Andros); view from our friends’ house.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

Symitar Documentation Services

We’re just about done with the articles I’ve set aside that are about Greece. I hope you’ve been able to enjoy a little vicarious getaway with me. Today I have the first half of the 12 Greek Words You Should Know, from Daily Writing Tips.

Along with Latin, Greek is probably the language that most influenced other languages around the world. Many English words derive directly from Greek ones, and knowing their origin and meaning is important.

1. Acme

The highest point of a structure. The peak or zenith of something. One could say that Rome reached the acme of its power on 117 AD, under the rule of Trajan.

2. Acropolis

Acro means edge or extremity, while polis means city. Acropolis, therefore, refers to cities that were built with security purposes in mind. The word Acropolis is commonly associated with Greece’s capital Athens, although it can refer to any citadel, including Rome and Jerusalem.

3. Agora

The Agora was an open market place, present in most cities of the ancient Greece. Today the term can be used to express any type of open assembly or congregation.

4. Anathema

Anathema is a noun and it means a formal ban, curse or excommunication. It can also refer to someone or something extremely negative, disliked or damned. Curiously enough, the original Greek meaning for this word was “something offered to the gods.”

5. Anemia

Anemia refers to a condition characterized by a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of the red blood cells (or of the hemoglobin). Over the years, however, the term started to appear in other contexts, referring to any deficiency that lies at the core of a system or organization.

6. Ethos

Translated literally from the Greek, ethos means “accustomed place.” It refers to a disposition or characteristics peculiar to a specific person, culture or movement. Synonyms include mentality, mindset and values.

Hadrian’s Library (in Athens, below the Acropolis)

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

Symitar Documentation Services

Today I have quick tidbit on Greece (and Britain) for you and I would also like to announce the winners of the Editor’s Corner photo contest. First, from the Grammarist blog:

Brexit and Grexit

Grexit describes the possibility of the country of Greece leaving the European Union. The word Grexit was coined by economists Ebrahim Rahbari and Willem Buiter in 2012, by combining the words Greek and exit. Grexit appears in the Oxford English Dictionary.

Brexit describes the possibility of the country of Britain leaving the European Union. The word Brexit was coined by The Economist magazine in 2012, possibly influenced by the creation of the term Grexit. Brexit is a combination of the words British and exit. Brexit also appears in the Oxford English Dictionary. Note that Grexit and Brexit are capitalized due to the fact that these words have been created from proper names.

And now, the contest winners! Congratulations to Jamie Roller for submitting over 30 photos of bad grammar, misspellings, and amusing English. Congratulations to Mark Williams for submitting the photo voted for by all of the editors as the most entertaining and acceptable example of a sign error. (What does that mean? Well, we got a few submissions that made us laugh hysterically, but I don’t think they’ll make it past Human Resources.)

I look forward to sharing the submissions with you throughout the next few months! Look what you can get for $10!

From Jamie:

From Mark:

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

Symitar Documentation Services

Good morning!

So are you ready for a little more Greek as it relates to English? How about some vacation photos? I don’t think I told you this, but I fell the day I left for vacation and had to have my eyebrow glued together in the ER. Well, that wasn’t enough excitement. Oh no. The evening of our Greek Easter celebration, I decided that I needed to add hand and wrist injuries to my collection, and landed on my face again. This time I hit the bridge of my nose, cut myself under the eye, bruised unspeakable parts of my torso, and skinned my hands and knees. I am seriously considering buying stock in the BAND-AID® brand. So, today’s photos are from that evening of fun. (You can’t see too many of the bandages!)

Ray and Kara with Easter candles. The priest lights the sacred candle in the church and then the light spreads to all of the parishoners one candle at a time. You hold and keep the candles lit while the priest chants and fireworks go off.

Korthi church fireworks on the island of Andros.

Now for the day’s lesson.

My uncle (yes, the Greek one) is a ship captain. I thought I would share this article with you, in his honor.

From Argonaut to Internaut

The combining form -naut gives English several words that convey a type of traveler.

The Greek word for sailor was ναύτης (nautes). [KC – Actually, the Greeks would pronounce that “naftēs,” but it’s easier to remember the connection to
nautical if you mispronounce it.] Classical Latin mesonauta referred to a sailor “intermediate in rank between a rower and a steersman.” Classical Latin Argonauta referred to the sailors who traveled with Jason in the Argo (his ship).

The earliest “naut word” in English is the noun Argonaut (1596): one of the legendary heroes who accompanied Jason in the Argo in his quest of the Golden Fleece. Because of their quest for gold, the US “forty-niners” (gold-seekers who went to California in 1849) were also referred to as argonauts.

Here, with the date of their earliest citation in the OED, are some other “naut words” in English:

aeronaut (1784)
A person who makes balloon ascents or flies in a balloon, a balloonist.

aquanaut (1881)
An underwater ‘explorer’ or swimmer.

astronaut (1928)
A person who travels in space; especially a person who is (or has been) a crewmember on board a spacecraft or on a space mission.

cosmonaut (1959)
A traveler in outer space; an astronaut (especially a Russian space traveler).

cybernaut
(1965) A robot.
(1973) A computer user.
(1990) A person who interacts with a virtual reality environment using computer technology.

internaut (1992)
A user of the Internet, especially a skilled or habitual one.

oceanaut (1962) Another word for aquanaut.

Click here for the complete article: Daily Writing Tips.

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

Symitar Documentation Services

Last Monday we discussed greetings, and today I have some follow-up information about the meanings and origins of other common pleasantries. Click here to read the entire article. Enjoy your day!

How Do You Do?
This pleasantry, often responded to with an identical greeting but sometimes returned with something like, “I am well. And how are you?” is nearly obsolete but survives in the contraction “Howdy,” which is used without affectation in some regions of the United States, though some people use it as a self-conscious colloquialism.

Thank You
This pleasantry, short for “I thank you” but still considered formal, is often replaced by “Thanks,” which derives from a different comment, “I give you thanks.” The colloquial “Thanks a lot” is often uttered sarcastically, so it should be avoided in writing; the same is true of “Thanks a million.” An even more casual alternative is “Thanx.” (Thank, by the way, is cognate with think.)

Welcome
The two parts of this greeting are misleading in their apparent etymological origins: The first half does not have anything to do with well, and the second half is only tangentially related to come. The first part of the Old English word wilcuma means “will” and the second part means “guest,” not “come”; the sentiment is that it was a host’s will that a guest would arrive.

You’re Welcome
This response to “Thank you” and its variants, a slight contraction of “You are welcome,” literally means that one should feel entitled to whatever cordiality or service one has received from the person who gives the response.

Donna Bradley Burcher | Senior Technical Editor | Symitar®

8985 Balboa Ave. | San Diego, CA 92123 | Ph. 619.278.0432 | Extension: 765432

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Happy Friday!

I want to thank all of you who have entered the photo contest. I will let you know who the two winners are next week (in case I get any other submissions today) and I’ll start sharing all of the entries with you. Good luck to all of you participants!

Now, as I promised yesterday, I have some articles and information to share with you about the influence of the Greek language on English. Today’s article is about the suffix –gamy. This suffix is derived from the Greek words for husband, wife, and marry, and it translates as “something to do with marriage or reproduction.” Unfortunately, in modern Greek, there is a form of the word that also equates to our “F word,” so be careful before you start repeating what you hear from your Greek friends!

From an article in Daily Writing Tips, here are your marriage-related words involving the Greek suffix –gamy.

· bigamy: marriage with a second wife or husband when already married. Bigamy became a criminal offense in England and Wales in 1640, and a federal offense in the United States in 1862.

· deuterogamy: marriage a second time; marriage after the death of a first husband or wife.

· digamy: another word for deuterogamy.

· endogamy: (anthropology) The custom of marrying only within the limits of a clan or tribe.

· exogamy: (anthropology) The custom by which a man is bound to take a wife outside his own clan or group.

· hypergamy: marriage with a partner of higher social standing.

· homogamy: marriage between partners of equal social status.

· hypogamy: marriage of a woman into a lower caste or into a tribe of lower standing than her own.

· misogamy: hatred of or opposition to marriage.

· monogamy: The condition, rule, or custom of being married to only one person at a time. Once it meant not remarrying after the death of a first spouse.

· pantagamy: A communal system of marriage in which all the men and women of a household or community are regarded as married to each other.

· polygamy: The practice or custom of having more than one spouse at the same time.

· octogamy: Marriage with eight spouses (successively or at the same time). Even the much-married Wife of Bath had only five husbands, but several modern celebrities have achieved the status of octogamist.

Mykonos at Sunset

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

Symitar Documentation Services

Kαλημέρα! (Good morning!)

Yes, I have returned from My Big Fat Greek Orthodox Easter and it was everything I dreamed it would be! I’ve been trying to come up with some helpful new words learned, but unfortunately my “nephews” (15 and 18 years old) did not teach me much that I can share with you and still have a job.

Instead, I have found a few articles about the connection between Greek and English words that I will provide you with in the upcoming days.

For now, here is a photo of the island, Delos, and its ruins, one of the coolest places we visited:

Delos is the supposed birthplace of the twin gods Apollo and Artemis. Here is a bit of information on these two from their Wikipedia articles:

· Apollo:

The ideal of the kouros (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of music, truth and prophecy, healing, the sun and light, plague, poetry, and more.

· Artemis:

The Hellenic goddess of the hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity and protector of young girls, bringing and relieving disease in women; she often was depicted as a huntress carrying a bow and arrows. [KC-How can someone be the goddess of virginity and childbirth? I’m still trying to figure that out.]

And as a reminder, tomorrow is the last day for photo contest entries! Remember, I’m looking for poor punctuation, bad spelling, atrocious advertising, and any public mistakes on signage that you think deserves attention. I brought one home from the new Acropolis Museum (amazing):

I’m not sure why they felt the need to translate faba (fava) as anything but fava beans, but I ordered the “spit beans” from Santorini anyway. They were delicious!

Kara Church

Technical Editor, Advisory

Symitar Documentation Services

The words there, their, and they’re along with the words your and you’re are often confused because they are pronounced similarly (respectively). Here’s the difference between these words (definitions from Merriam-Webster):

· there: in or at that place : at that location

Please do not sit there.

· their: relating to or belonging to certain people, animals, or things

Their flight was canceled.

· they’re: contraction of “they are”

They’re going to be late.

· your: relating to or belonging to you

Your presentation was informative.

· you’re: contraction of “you are”

You’re welcome.

Jackie Solano | Technical Editor | Symitar®

8985 Balboa Ave. | San Diego, CA 92123 | Ph. 619.542.6711 | Extension: 766711

Symitar Documentation Services

In response to my last post about premier and premiere, some readers wrote to ask about the Canadian title premier. How is it spelled, and what does it mean?

How Is Premier Spelled?

Whenever the word premier is used to refer to a government official, it is spelled premier. Remember the definition that we learned last week:

· premier (adjective): first in position, rank, or importance

When we talk about "a premier" or "the premier," we are using premier as a noun instead of an adjective, but it still refers to a person who is first in position, rank, or importance.

What Does Premier Mean?

The title premier means different things in different countries.

In Canada, premier refers to the head of government for one of Canada’s 10 provinces or 3 territories (a title roughly equivalent to governor in the United States).

These leaders were formerly known as prime ministers. The word premier was used to avoid confusion with the head of the national government, also called the prime minister. Premier is now the official title.

Australia and South Africa similarly use the title premier to refer to the head of government for a state or province.

Other countries (including Cambodia, China, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Italy, Macedonia, and Serbia) use premier to refer to the head of government for the entire country. In some of these countries, premier is the official title; in others, it is a colloquialism for prime minister.

Ben Ritter | Technical Editor | Symitar®
8985 Balboa Avenue | San Diego, CA 92123
619-682-3391 | or ext. 763391 | www.Symitar.com

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Greetings!

Have you ever thought about the meanings and origins of our common greetings and pleasantries? Today, I have a list of some of these terms along with some interesting background information. This information comes from the Daily Writing Tips website. You can click here to read the entire article.

Farewell
This short version of “I hope you fare well” (fare here means “do”) was originally said as a parting comment to a person leaving the company of one or more other people; the departing person would traditionally respond “Good-bye.” Now, it is sometimes used in distinction with “Good-bye,” which has a connotation of finality, whereas “Farewell” implies that the parties will meet again.

Good Day and Good Night
These abbreviated versions of “I wish you a good day/night” are almost invariably said when a person parts company with one or more others.

Good Morning, Good Afternoon, and Good Evening
Unlike “Good day” and “Good night,” these expressions are usually uttered as greetings at the appropriate time of day or night, though they are sometimes said in parting.

Good-bye
This comment, given when one party or another departs, is a contraction of “God be with ye”; it’s often spelled goodbye.

Greetings
The root word of this outdated but occasionally employed comment, an abbreviation of “I give you greetings,” originally meant “to come in contact with.”

Hello
The greeting hello likely derives from the Old High German call hala (also hola), meaning “fetch,” which was originally used to hail the operator of a ferryboat and expanded as general usage for getting someone’s attention and then as a greeting. A great variety of spellings, probably as a result of various pronunciations, persisted well into the twentieth century. Hello became more popular toward the end of the 1800s as it prevailed as the dominant form of greeting when calling someone on a telephone. Holler (meaning “a shout”), and possibly hullabaloo (meaning “a commotion”), are related.

Hi
“Hi,” used as an informal alternative to “Hello,” is unrelated to that word, though it also derives from a word used to attract attention: hey. It originally was uttered as an exclamation of surprise.

Donna Bradley Burcher | Senior Technical Editor | Symitar®

8985 Balboa Ave. | San Diego, CA 92123 | Ph. 619.278.0432 | Extension: 765432

Symitar Technical Publications Writing and Editing Requests

NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any files transmitted with it are intended
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together with any attachment, may contain confidential and/or privileged information.
Any unauthorized review, use, printing, saving, copying, disclosure or distribution
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please
immediately advise the sender by reply email and delete all copies.